Gambling is a risky activity where people stake something of value on a random event. It can take many forms, from betting on a football match or scratchcard to placing bets with friends on a horse race or game of chance. It is usually considered to be a recreational activity, rather than an addiction, though some individuals develop a problem with gambling. Historically, pathological gamblers have been regarded as people who have a psychological disorder, but the understanding of gambling disorders has undergone a profound change.
The decision to make gambling a diagnosable condition in the DSM-5 reflects a new understanding of the biology underlying addiction, and it will help people struggling with this issue find better treatment options. The move will also change how psychiatrists treat their patients. They will now be able to offer them cognitive-behaviour therapy, for instance, which teaches people how to resist unwanted thoughts and habits, such as the belief that a string of losses or a close miss on a slot machine will signal an imminent win.
While gambling is a popular pastime for many people, it can also cause serious harm to others. It can lead to financial ruin and strain family relationships, and it is important to be aware of the risks of gambling and how to prevent it from becoming a problem.
In the DSM-5, the comorbidity between gambling and other types of addictive behaviour is recognised. People with a problem with gambling are also more likely to have mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, than those without a gambling problem. In addition, gambling is associated with a range of negative social consequences, including unemployment and imprisonment.
There are some basic things everyone should do to reduce the chances of gambling becoming a problem. Only ever gamble with money that you can afford to lose, and never use money that you need for other purposes. Set a time limit for how long you are going to gamble, and leave when you reach that time, whether you are winning or losing. Keep gambling out of your daily routine and don’t gamble when you are feeling depressed or upset.
It can be very difficult to admit that you have a gambling problem, especially if it has caused you to suffer from debt or damaged your relationships. However, it is important to seek help as soon as possible, as it can be much easier to break the habit if you get professional help. BetterHelp is an online service that matches you with therapists who specialise in gambling and other problems. You can complete a short assessment and be connected with a therapist in as little as 48 hours. Alternatively, the National Problem Gambling Helpline offers phone, text and chat services. You can also find local support groups through the Gamtalk website.